International Baccalaureate vs Advanced Placement

Most people are familiar with AP, or Advanced Placement courses, but more and more families are learning about the International Baccalaureate, and wondering, whats the difference between the two programs? Heres a review of each program, and an overview of how they differ.   The AP Program AP coursework and exams are developed and administered by  CollegeBoard.com  and include 35 courses and exams in 20 subject areas. AP  or Advanced Placement Program consists of a three-year sequence of course work in a specific subject. It is available to serious students in Grades 10 to 12. The course work culminates in rigorous examinations held in May of the graduating year. AP Grading The examinations are scored on a five-point scale, with 5 being the highest mark attainable. The course work in a given subject is generally equivalent to a first-year college course. As a result, a student who achieves a 4 or 5 is usually permitted to skip the corresponding course as a freshman in college. Administered by the College Board, the AP program is guided by a panel of expert educators from around the U.S.A. This great program prepares students for the rigors of college-level work. AP Subjects Subjects offered include: Art HistoryBiologyCalculus AB BCChemistryComputer Science AEconomicsEnglishEnvironmental ScienceEuropean HistoryFrenchGerman LanguageGovernment PoliticsHuman GeographyInternational English Language (APIEL)LatinMusic TheoryPhysicsPsychologySpanishStatisticsStudio ArtUS HistoryWorld History Each year, according to the College Board, more than half a million students take over a million  Advanced Placement exams! College Credits and AP Scholar Awards Each college or university sets its own admissions requirements. Good scores in AP coursework indicate  to admissions staff that a student has achieved a recognized standard in that subject area. Most schools will accept scores of 3 or above as the equivalent of their introductory or first-year courses in the same subject area. Consult university websites for details. The College Board offers a series of 8 Scholar Awards which recognize outstanding scores in AP examinations. Advanced Placement International Diploma In order to earn the Advanced Placement International Diploma (APID) students must earn a grade of 3 or higher in five specified subjects. One of these subjects must be chosen from the AP global course offerings: AP World History, AP Human Geography, or  AP Government and Politics: Comparative. The APID is the College Boards answer to the  IBs international cachet  and acceptance. It is aimed at students studying abroad and American students who wish to attend university in a foreign country. Its important to note, however, this is not a replacement for a high school diploma, it is only a certificate. Description of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Program The  IB  is a comprehensive curriculum designed to prepare students for liberal arts education at the tertiary level. It is directed by the  International Baccalaureate  Organisation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The mission of the IBO is to develop inquiring, knowledgeable and caring young people who help to create a better and more peaceful world through intercultural understanding and respect. In North America over 645 schools offer IB programs. IB Programmes The IBO offers three programmes: the  Diploma Programme  for juniors and seniorsthe  Middle Years Programme  for students aged 11 to 16the  Primary Years Programme  for students aged 3 to 12 The programmes form a sequence but can be offered independently according to the needs of individual schools. The IB Diploma Programme The IB Diploma is truly international in its philosophy and aims. The curriculum requires balance and research. For instance, a science student has to become familiar with a foreign language, and a humanities student must understand laboratory procedures. In addition, all candidates for the IB diploma must undertake some extensive research into one of over sixty subjects. The IB Diploma is accepted at universities in over 115 countries. Parents appreciate the rigorous training and education which the IB programs offer their children.   What do AP and IB have in common? The International Baccalaureate (IB) and Advanced Placement (AP) are both  about excellence. A school doesnt commit to preparing students for these rigorous examinations lightly. Expert, well-trained faculty must implement and teach the courses which culminate in those examinations. They put a schools reputation squarely on the line. It boils down to two things: credibility and universal acceptance. These are key factors in a schools graduates gaining admission to the colleges and universities which they wish to attend. College admissions officers usually have a pretty good idea of a schools academic standards if the school has previously submitted applicants. The schools track record is more or less established by those prior candidates.  Grading policies  are understood. Curriculum taught has been examined. But what about a new school or a school from a foreign country or a school which is determined to upgrade its product? The AP and IB credentials immediately convey credibility. The standard is well-known and understood. Other things being equal, the college knows that a candidate with success in the AP or IB is ready for tertiary level work. The payoff for the student is exemption for many entry-level courses. This, in turn, means that the student gets his or her degree requirements completed more quickly. It also means fewer credits have to be paid for. How do AP  and  IB differ? Reputation:  While the AP is widely accepted for course credit and recognized for its excellence at universities throughout the U.S., the IB Diploma Programmes reputation is even greater. Most international universities recognize and respect an IB diploma. Fewer U.S. schools offer the IB program than the AP—over 14,000 AP schools vs less than 1,000 IB schools according to  US News, but that number is on the rise for IB.  Style of Learning and  Courses:  The AP program has students focus deeply on one particular subject, and usually for a short period of time. The IB program takes a more holistic approach that focuses on a subject by not only delving in deep, but also applying it to other areas. Many IB courses are two-year continuous courses of study, vs. the APs one-year-only approach. IB courses related to each other in a coordinated cross-curricular approach with specific overlapping between the studies. AP courses are singular and not designed to be a part of an overlapping course of study between disciplines. AP courses are one level of study, while IB offers both a standard level and a higher level.  Requirements:  AP courses can be taken at will, in any manner at any time according to the schools discretion. While some schools do allow students to enroll in IB courses in a similar manner, if a student specifically wants to be a candidate for an IB diploma, they must take two years of exclusive IB courses in accordance with rules and regulations from the IBO. IB students aiming for the diploma must take at least 3 higher level courses.  Testing:  Educators have described the difference between the two testing methods as follows: AP tests to see what you dont know; IB tests to see what you do know. AP tests are designed to see what students know about a specific subject, pure and simple.  IB tests ask students to reflect on the knowledge they possess in order to test a students skills and abilities to analyze and present informat ion, evaluate and make arguments, and creatively solve problems.  Diploma:  AP students who meet specific criteria receive a certificate that has an international reputation, but still only graduate with a traditional high school diploma. On the other hand, IB students who meet the required criteria and scores at schools in the US will receive two diplomas: the traditional high school diploma as well as the International Baccalaureate Diploma.  Rigor:  Many AP students will note that their studies are more demanding than non-AP peers, but they have the option to pick and choose courses at will. IB students, on the other hand, but take only IB courses if they wish to qualify for the IB diploma. IB students regularly express that their studies are extremely demanding. While they report high levels of stress during the program, most IB students report being incredibly prepared for college and appreciative of the rigor after they complete the program.   AP vs. IB: Which is Right for Me? Flexibility is a major factor in determining which program is right for you. AP courses provide more wiggle room when it comes to choosing courses, the order in which they are taken, and more. IB courses require a strict course of study for two solid years. If studying outside of the US is not a priority and youre unsure about the commitment to an IB program, then an AP program may be right for you. Both programs will prepare you for college, but where you plan to study may be a deciding factor in which program you choose. Article edited by Stacy Jagodowski

Cadbury Dairy Milk 4cs 4ps Swot - 8150 Words

C O N T E N T S 1) SITUATION ANALYSIS i) COMPANY ii) CONTEXT iii) COMPETITOR iv) CUSTOMER 2) BARND 3) 4 Ps i) PRODUCT ii) PRICE iii) PROMOTION iv) PLACE 4) COMMENTS 5) SWOT ANALYSIS Product Category: Chocolate Confectionary Brand: Cadbury Product: Cadbury Dairy Milk (CDM) SITUATION ANALYSIS (4 CS) 1) Company: Parent Company: Cadbury plc Indian Subsidiary: Cadbury India Ltd (CIL) History of Cadbury: Cadbury plc is a confectionery and beverage company with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom, and is the worlds largest confectionery manufacturer. The firm was formerly known as Cadbury Schweppes plc before demerging in May 2008, separating its global confectionery business†¦show more content†¦Therefore, they strongly believe that those people who create these products should also have fun while doing so. At Cadbury India they have mini business teams which are structured teams that work on critical areas relating to manufacturing. CIL’s goal is clear. They want a Cadbury Dairy Milk in every Indian’s pocket. 2) Context: Availability of Cocoa: Chocolate consumption is gaining popularity in the country on increasing prosperity coupled with a shift in food habits, pushing up the country’s cocoa imports. Annually, India produces 10,000 tonnes of this cocoa crop. India’s annual cocoa demand is pegged around 18,000 tonnes during the current year, which would necessitate import of 8,000 tonnes i.e. around 45% of its total requirement. This is 4 times the amount India imported in year 2001-02 (2,027 tonnes). This clearly indicates the rising demand for cocoa as well as the increasing deficit in the availability of cocoa. This is the reason; farmers are being encouraged to cultivate cocoa to meet the deficit. India plans to increase cocoa production by 60% to 16,000 tonnes in next four years to meet rising demand from the 15-billion-rupee chocolate industry and to cut dependency on costlier imports. Majority of Indian farmers cultivate cocoa as an intercrop in coconut and areca nut gardens. The total area under cultivation was 32,360 hectares in 2006/07. There is huge scope for expanding acreageShow MoreRelatedCadbury Schweppes Plc3853 Words   |  16 PagesOutline of Report 4 3.1 Marketing Report for Cadbury Schweppes 3.2 Current Market Analysis 5-7 3.3 BCG Matrix 8-9 3.4 Igor Ansoff Matrix 10-11 3.5 SWOT Analysis 12-13 3.6 Product Life Cycle 14-15 3.7 Porter’s Generic Model 16-17 3.8 Marketing Mix 18-20 4.1 Evaluation and Recommendation 21-23 5.1 Research, references and bibliography 24 Cadbury Schweppes Plc. Cadbury Schweppes is one of the biggest beverage and confectionery

Interview of a Famous Actor Free Essays

INTERVIEW AB: Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen. Today we have the honor to welcome a very special guest: your favourite TV-show actor, Hugh Laurie. So, Hugh, let me first ask you why you were attracted by House’s character. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview of a Famous Actor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because it is such an outstanding character†¦ AH: Well, it’s a long story†¦ At first, I was unwilling to play House, and I wanted to interpret Wilson, House’s best friend in the hospital. Indeed, I thought that House’s personnality didn’t fit with mine. But when I was asked to play House, I realized that, in fact, I had several points in common with him. For instance, both of us are sadist and sarcastic. AB: What a coincidence! But I can tell you that you did a good choice because nowadays House is one of the most popular TV shows in the world. Hum, I have another question for you: was it difficult to combine shootings and family life? AH: Actually, it was very difficult from 2006 to 2008 because while my family lived in West America, the shooting took place in East America. This caused problems when I had to â€Å"settle† in California for 6 months. But now my family lives in LA so it is much better for all of us. AB: You seem to have a complicated organization. Now I’d like to finish this interview with more personnal questions asked by your fans on Twitter. So, first, what is your favorite TV show? AH: Well, I’d say that my favourite TV show is prison break. It is an Action-packed serial with fascinating actors. I recommend it to every TV show lover. AB: Okay! Then your fans asked you whether or not you have learnt about medecine while playing house? For example, if I tell you that I’ve got very big pain around my heart, what would you say? AH: Well, I am not exactly sure but in accordance with what I know, I would say that you should go to the Operating Room right now if you don’t want to die from myocardial infarction. AB: Waouh! Do you think you know as much as a doctor about medecine? AH: Absolutely not. I only know a few names of illnesses and of medecines, but no more than that. AB: Right. Thank you Hugh for coming here. I’ll take your advice and I’ll watch Prison Break. How to cite Interview of a Famous Actor, Essay examples

Clinical Simulation in Nursing for Placement- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Using the ISBAR format, what are the critical elements that should be covered in the handover for Matt from PARU? Answer: Under ISBAR format there are five elements that should be filled correctly for proper handover of Matt from PARU to the ward. The elements are as follows; Identify Under this particular element the patients identification details are captured in full such as name, medical record number, DOB, as well as the name and the title of the hospital staff handing over. The medical record number differ from one medical facility to another depending on what the facility thinks works best for them. (Pang, 2017) Situation This includes the reason for admission that is open fracture of right tibia and fibula. The Diagnosis should also be recorded as well as mode of delivery and nature of operation that is the surgical intervention of debridement and external fixation. The date of operation should also be noted. Under this element it should be recorded that Matt has had Morphine 5mg IV for pain. (Pang, 2017) Background Adequate background information must also be noted down such as relevant previous medical history of the patient such as allergic to penicillin and other medical conditions that serves to shade light on the kind of patient the medical representative is handling. (Tremel, 2012) Assessment - Under the assessment, Mr. Matt latest clinical assessment should be recorded. This information includes Blood pressure, pain score, temperature, urine output patient anxiety and Labs. The physiological conditions helps to make quick overview of the patient situation before detailed investigations are carried out regarding any unusual symptom. The assessment part helps the incoming officer to understand the situation under which his or her patient is and therefore take all necessary precaution that should be taken. (Finnigan, Marshall Flanagan, 2010) Recommendation Under this particular element actions are required after the completion of the hand over process. This includes making calls to the relevant doctor to discuss the noted situation of the patient. The call should specify the urgency of the matter so that the Doctor can understand the nature of the situation. Any activity that should be carried out should be noted down at this stage and necessary arrangements are made for particular tasks to be performed. To be more specific on Mr. Matts case, the incoming medical officer should keep in mind that the patient may require varying levels of pain killers from time to time depending on how he his recovering or responding to medication. (Levett-Jones Bourgeois, 2011) References Finnigan, M., Marshall, S., Flanagan, B. (2010). ISBAR for clear communication: one hospital's experience spreading the message. Australian Health Review, 34(4), 400. https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09823 Levett-Jones, T., Bourgeois, S. (2011). The Clinical Placement. London: Elsevier Health Sciences APAC. Pang, W. (2017). Promoting integrity of shift report by applying ISBAR principles among nursing students in clinical placement. SHS Web Of Conferences, 37, 01019. https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173701019 Tremel, M. (2012). A Clinical Simulation Integration Model for Nursing Education. Clinical Simulation In Nursing, 8(8), e394. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2012.07.023

Meat Products Trade Between U.S. European Community free essay sample

Effects of growth hormone ban, health safety, protectionism, irradiation, GATT, World Trade Organization, politics, supply demand, pricing, future. This research examines the meat products trade between the European Community (EC) and the United States (US). Both red-meat and poultry meat products are included in this examination. One focal point of this examination concerns the effects of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the treaty establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) likely will have on the meat products trade between the EC and the US. The 1988-1990 Period The most serious and long-running dispute between the EC and the US in relation to meat products trade involves the EU ban on the importation of meat products produced from animals that have

Free Essays on Battle Of The Sexes

One of the conflicting issues that helps keep the world revolving is the difference between the male and female sex. For centuries, the conflict that arises from each sex’s differences has caused disputes and quarrels that stem from the inability to understand the characteristics of men and women. In Houston’s story, the differences in genders are depicted in a scenario that gives rise to clashes between the male and female sex. Men and women both have their differences in viewpoints and tendencies, but it is through those discrepancies and experiences when dealing with the differences that perspective is gained. Houston’s story, â€Å"How to Talk to a Hunter†, gives many examples of the differences between men and women, and shows how those differences lead to conflict. She is also submissive to her husband which is a gender trait that is apparent in many women in society, however is a trait that is conflicting for some women and is made an issue that has been fought to be overcome for centuries. Though both sexes enjoy playing the game of love, some aspects that each sex has defined for themselves has led to the label that men are narrow-minded and cannot see outside the box. This means that once they have their heart set on one thing, nothing else seems to matter and they are not open to the possibilities that surround them. Houston stresses not only the emotional differences between men and women, but also the mental differences between them. This illustrates the inner desire of men that is exposed only in the privacy of one’s home.... Free Essays on Battle Of The Sexes Free Essays on Battle Of The Sexes One of the conflicting issues that helps keep the world revolving is the difference between the male and female sex. For centuries, the conflict that arises from each sex’s differences has caused disputes and quarrels that stem from the inability to understand the characteristics of men and women. In Houston’s story, the differences in genders are depicted in a scenario that gives rise to clashes between the male and female sex. Men and women both have their differences in viewpoints and tendencies, but it is through those discrepancies and experiences when dealing with the differences that perspective is gained. Houston’s story, â€Å"How to Talk to a Hunter†, gives many examples of the differences between men and women, and shows how those differences lead to conflict. She is also submissive to her husband which is a gender trait that is apparent in many women in society, however is a trait that is conflicting for some women and is made an issue that has been fought to be overcome for centuries. Though both sexes enjoy playing the game of love, some aspects that each sex has defined for themselves has led to the label that men are narrow-minded and cannot see outside the box. This means that once they have their heart set on one thing, nothing else seems to matter and they are not open to the possibilities that surround them. Houston stresses not only the emotional differences between men and women, but also the mental differences between them. This illustrates the inner desire of men that is exposed only in the privacy of one’s home....

Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final - Assignment Example Looking at solar energy this is the sun’s energy that undergoes conversion by an n equipment to produce desired power to use as lamps and heat in the school, house, and industries. Other form of energy such as gas and coal comes from fossils, which will not remain available for long. To add on that, this fossils pollutes the air and hence causing harm to human being. Solar energy is clean and readily available furthermore its distinction is not measurable. This equipment produces light for human being to use. It can be streetlights, house light or even vehicle light. The different types of bulbs include those that save energy and those that use significant amount of energy. Basing to fluorescent ballasts, this bulbs tent to use small amount of energy compare to the other light emitting bulbs. Again this ballast supplements long life and to lamp and cost reasonably. This lamps are wired in parallel thus when one lamp blows off, the other one remains illuminated. This lamp is cheaper to install and use, also does not produce pollution in the environment. A green house is essential in that the plants use up carbon, which in turn produces oxygen that offers good air purification. In implementation, it is cheap since its easier to access it and more cheaper to organize the whole field. These plants are effective to human since they purify the air as well as using the sun making human kind to benefit from the rays. In the end, this leads to energy conservation. In both industrial and commercial buildings, fan is critical in that, it provides a source of cool breeze that gives comfort to workers. This fan is capable of blowing warm air that may be because of hot heat from the machine. This fan has ability to reduce up to 25% of heat produced in the industry. Wind is essential in the rotation of turbines making it give power for some big

Legal Rights Before and After Arrest Research Paper

Legal Rights Before and After Arrest - Research Paper Example What Constitutes Crime? Principle IV of the Principles of International Law recognized in the Charter of the Nurnberg Tribunal and in the Judgment of the Tribunal, 1950, states as follows: â€Å"the fact that a person acted pursuant to order of his government or of a superior does not relieve him from responsibility under international law, provided a moral choice was in fact possible to him† (Principles of International Law, 1950). In addition, Principle II of the same proclaims that even if the internal law does not punish a person, the person is still liable to be punished under international law. Here, it is surprising to note that the International Law gives way to morality, and it does not mention what is meant by morality. In a world where both monogamy and polygamy exist together; where capitalism and communism exist together, and where both non-violence and cannibalism are practiced, it is surprising to note that the legal fraternity still thinks about morality. ... er (2001) opined that what is considered as crime ‘at one place and time, culture or location’ may not necessarily be considered as a crime ‘at another time, in another culture, or even across the street’ (Henry & Lanier, 2001, p. 7). Durkheim, one of the founding figures of sociology, rightly interprets the concept of crime, and according to him, law cannot be considered as something that exists in abstraction or a plain-fact situation. It starts from developing the concept of crime, identifying some event as a crime, responding to that crime, and the action taken by the state agencies to punish the criminal. According to Durkheim (1982, p. 71), these all depend on the cultural world that exists at that time. Considering this fact, Wayne Morrison points out that considering some action as a crime depends on the role of that action in the context it was committed. In order to clarify the claim, she describes the incident of the yacht Mignonette. As the yacht collapsed in mid sea, in the year 1884, the crew had to escape in a small open boat with no food and water. After nearly three weeks of wandering in the sea without food, one of the crews killed a cabin boy who was reportedly delirious and all the crew drank his blood and fed on is body. After a few days, all were taken ashore by a passing boat. The judge who heard the case made a wonderful statement that it was the duty of the captain of a ship to take care of his passengers, and the sentence given to the men was six month’s imprisonment. In fact, it was common for seafarers in similar conditions to cast lots and the one with the shortest lot to be killed and eaten, and hence the men were not guilty according to the existing law. Here, one thing becomes evident; there is a considerable amount of risk

Research prposal Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Prposal - Research Proposal Example In the era of globalization most of the countries use the strategy of deregulation to reduce the government control on the domestic industry. Banking sector has also not been left alone. Governments are also exercising lesser amount of control on the banks. But to ensure that the banks are performing efficiently, the Central bank has a big role to play. It is the central bank of a nation in whose hands there lay the responsibilities of creating favorable environments for the bank to operate under. Efficiency of the banks in a country depends on the efficiency of the strategies adopted by the central bank of the country. When a nation adopts the strategy of increasing openness, its economy goes through a substantial change as the domestic market of the country becomes exposed to international market and therefore to fierce competition from international firms. Under this situation central bank of any country needs to make cautious steps in order to make the domestic banks strong enough to survive under strong competition as well as creating favorable environment for the operation of international banks. Particular in developing countries, central banks have to be very efficient in deal with the continuously changing financial environment under intense liberalization. Unless and until the central bank becomes successful in fulfilling its major objective of maintaining financial stability, the country’s financial sector will move towards severe financial turmoil. (Papademos, 2008) Libya, a developing nation of Africa, has significantly participated in the process of globalization. Its banking sector has therefore been also not left alone. Intensive reform measures have been undertaken for the baking industry of the country to pave the way of integration of domestic banking sector with the global one. But here lays a big question regarding how far the banking industry of Libya

Overall strategic objective and the marketing plan

Overall strategic objective and the marketing plan There is much overlap between overall strategic objective and the marketing plan of an organization. Marketing plan keeps eye at consumer needs and organizations ability to satisfy them and these factors direct the companys overall strategic plan. If company fail to throw appropriate marketing strategy, the ultimate goal of profit maximization and expansion of business will be in hard condition. Organization should build suitable marketing plan which helps to achieve companys overall strategic objectives. This study is based on worlds leading electronic and software based company Apple Inc. which was funded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976 and is known as computer giant. It designs, manufactures and markets personal computers, mobile communication devices, and portable digital music and video players and sell variety of related software services peripherals and networking solutions. It is also known as innovative company and it has demonstrated that innovation can lead to market dominance. It operates it business with the motto think different. Apple offers a range of electronic and software product and services such as PC, Mac Book, iPhone, iPad, Apple TV, iTunes, Mac OS X, iLife, iWork, Safari and enormous range of applications worldwide through online store, direct sales force, third party sales, whole sellers, resellers, value added resellers and digital content and applications through the iTunes store to satisfy the desires of modern consumer. In this context apple has in troduced another innovative product iPhone4 smart phone and marketing plan of iPhone4 is the main focus of this study. This study has got five separate sections. The first part is introductory part which identifies and justifies the objectives of the study. The second part explores how the marketing plan supports the strategic objectives of the Apple, third part explains how Apple construct it marketing plan, forth section discusses how Apple promotes the marketing plan to support its strategic objectives. The last section is about the conclusion and summary findings which are developed from the discussion and analysis and recommendations for further improvement. Explaining the strategy of the organization impacting on the marketing plan. Each and every organization stands with business plan to set its overall direction for the company for their existence and this plan sets out how the company is to achieve its strategic aims and objectives. The strategic aims and objectives of a business inform and shape its business plan and an essential part of the overall business plan is the marketing plan. Thus the marketing plan is guided by strategic objective of the business and there should be alignment between the strategic objectives and marketing plan to meet the ultimate goals of an organization (e.g. profit or sales growth). The relationship between strategic objectives and the marketing plan is clarified by following diagram. Business aims objectives Business plan Product services their position in market Market data including size trends competition Business aims objectives Marketing plan Financial information including budgets Figure: Key element of business plan In context of Apple, it committed to offer the range of best possible innovative technological product and services and put that technology in the hand of as many people as possible. Apple leading towards market dominance through its innovation and Apple has already demonstrated it by offering innovative products like iPod, iPhone, iPad. Apple is also committed to protect the environment, health and safety of employees, customers and the global communities where it operates and recognize that by integrating sound environmental health and safety management practices into all aspects of its business. Apple can offer innovative technological products and services while conserving and enhancing recourses for future generations. Apple is leading towards market leader through its effective marketing plan. Apples marketing plan is directed by its strategic planning. In this context Jobbers six planning question helps to apple to align strategic objectives and marketing plan. The six questio ns are as follows. Where are we now? How did we get here? Where are we heading? Where we would like to be? How do we get there? Are we on course? These are the key planning question not only for the marketing plan but for the other plan as well. If any organization wishes to construct effective marketing plan to meet strategic objectives they should address these questions. The first three questions can be addressed by the help of business mission, market audit, SWOT analysis. It gives the concrete shape of marketing plan. The first question emphasis the current position of the company like market share, competition. Apple has dominance market share with its core competencies innovation. The second question focuses on an analysis of significant events that had a bearing on the achievement and shortcoming identifies earlier. Apple get this position by the help of innovation and with the motto of think different Third question point out the direction of the business in future. By the help of market audit and SWOT analysis a business can set the direction. Apple is leading towards market dominance. Fourth question is talk about the objectives or vision of the business. Apple wishes to be a market leader. The fifth question focuses on the course of action which is going to be done in order to achieve the final goal. Apple wishes to meet its objectives by the help of core strategy, marketing mix decision, organization and implementation of marketing plan. Final question emphasis the continuous controlling mechanism whether we are in right track or not if not and what may be the next step to walk on right course. In order to address jobbers first three planning question and to build effective marketing plan a business must conduct market audit. Market audit concern with systematic examination of a businesss marketing environment, objectives, strategies and activities with the view to identify strategic issues, problems and opportunities. It is the cornerstone of the marketing planning process. It keeps eye on environmental forces which may affect the marketing plan: internal and external factor. Internal factor is also known as micro factor which are in hand of a business which mainly focus on the five different factors: Operating results (sales, market share, profit margin and cost), Strategic issue analysis (marketing objectives, market segmentation, competitive advantages, core competencies, positioning, portfolio analysis), marketing mix effectiveness (product, price, promotion, distribution) marketing structure (marketing organization, marketing training, internal communication), marketing system (marketing information system, marketing planning system and marketing control system). External factor are not in business hand so business itself should change to make effective planning. External factor contains macro environment (PESTEL factor) which are economic factor (inflation, interest rate, unemployment), social and cultural (age distribution, lifestyle change, values and attributes), technological factor (new products and process technologies, materials) political and legal factor (monopoly control, new laws, regulations) ecological factor (conversion, pollution, energy). In order to construct effective marketing plan Apple should consider market audit because without considering these factor apple can not meet its strategic objectives. After analysing these factor apple can get present background data on the market, product, competition and distribution. Identifying the components part of marketing plan of Apple. SWOT analysis the strategic technique to evaluate the strategic position of a business by identifying its strength, weakness, opportunity and threats. It helps to address the planning question where are we now? How did we get here? Where we are heading? Once SWOT analysis is done an idea can be developed to how to turn weakness into strength and threats into opportunity, it helps to construct effective marketing plan. In context of apple iPhone 4, the price is high, it can not afford by middle income level people and the treats may be the increased competition which pressure apple to reduce the price because there are other strong competitors as well who produce less priced smart phone and it also difficult to expand in Asian market because without internet server iPhone cannot be operated. So this SWOT analysis helps to Apple how to turn these weaknesses into strength and treats into opportunity in order to construct the marketing plan and these factor helps to build the shape of marketing plan. Once market audit and SWOT analysis has been done it leads to set marketing objectives. Marketing objective keeps eye on two types of objective: strategic trust and strategic objective. It addresses the planning question: where we would like to be? Strategic trust defines the future direction of a business. By the help of Ansoff of Matrix a business can develop strategic trust which product to sell in which market. Figure: Ansoff Matrix Source: www.courseware.finntrack.eu According to Ansoff Matrix there are four strategic alternatives which are market penetration, market development, production development and diversification. Among these four alternatives the Apple has selected a product development alternative and decided to sell new product (iPhone 4) in the existing market. Another part of marketing objective is the strategic objective which deals with the process of planning at the product level. There are four types of alternative: build, hold, harvest and divest. To analyse appropriate alternative, there are various no of product planning portfolio tools such as BCG matrix, General Electric Market Alternatives-Competitive Position Model, Shell Directional Policy Matrix. Even though, this study is going to keep eyes on BCG matrix. Figure: BCG Matrix Source: www.apps.develebridge.net The iPhone is new product and it has low market share but high market growth so it contain to the question mark. This represents high demand due to low market share. So for the new product, the strategic objective will inevitably be to build sales and market share. The important point to keep in mind at this stage is that building sales and market share is only the sensible strategic objective of iPhone 4. Overall, strategic trust and strategic objective characterize where the business and its product intended to go in future. After setting marketing objective a business must determine the means of achieving them. Core strategy focuses on how the objectives can be accomplished and it contains three key elements: target market, competitive advantage and competitor target. Core strategy helps gives the answer of the planning question how do we get there? iPhones primary customer targets is the middle-upper income professional that need one portable device to coordinate their busy schedules and communicate with colleagues, friends and family and secondary consumer targets are high school, college and graduate students who need one portable multifunction device. Identifying issues of risk within a marketing plan of Apple Constructing a marketing plan is not an easy process and it is not out of risk factor which may lead to failure if marketing planner unable to address potential problems effectively and Apple is not also escaped from potential problem which may be: Political behaviour: Typically, marketing planning is a resource allocation process by manager. In this allocation process the power base, career opportunities and salaries may bring conflict. Perception of planning: There are different people involve in this planning with different perception and they wishes to apply their perception to construct the plan which may be the cause of conflict. Reward system: The reward system of business emphasize only short term reward. Managers may overweight the short term focuses rather than long term focuses and the marketing plan not only concern with short. Basically, it is concerned with long term which thing may be underweighted by manager and marketing plan is treated as the secondary focus. Cultural clashes: Cultural clash is another potential problem associated with marketing plan because in a business we can get different culture which may be the reason of conflict like as the business may plan by making incremental decision and strategic planning may challenge the status quo. Lack of knowledge and skills: In planning process, the manager may not has the sufficient knowledge in terms of market segmentation, competitive advantages and the nature of strategic objective and lack of skills in terms of analysing competitive situation and defining core strategy which may lead to failure. Lack of information: The systematic marketing planning system needs accurate information inputs in terms of market share, size and growth rates. These are basic inputs into the marketing audit which may unavailable. In order to construct the effective marketing plan marketing manager should overcome from these problems. To overcome from potential problems leading to risk, apple can use Jobbers formulation of remedies which are as follows: Senior management must support the middle management and coordinate with them and must be committed to the planning process. To address cultural clashes, there should be match between planning process and the culture of the business. The reward system should focus on long term objective rather than focusing on the short term. There should be clear communication system in both ways top to down or bottom to top. Management can conduct training program to marketing personnel in order to provide knowledge and skills about to perform the planning job. 2.1 Identifying the levels of importance of each component of the plan. The marketing mix is the set of marketing tools which a business blends to achieve the marketing goals in a defined target market. Effective marketing mix decision ensure that a business is marketing the right product to the right person in the right place and at the right time which is the key success factor of the marketing plan. It helps to gain competitive advantages with considering market segmentation. Basically, there are two frameworks in order to manage effective marketing mix decision at product or service level: 7Ps and 4Cs. Although, Apple may use 7Ps framework in order to manage effective marketing decision which are mentioned below. Product: The iPhone 4 combine three amazing products- a mobile phone, wide screen iPod, and a breakthrough internet deviceinto one small, lightweight, hand held device with the best e-mail ever on a mobile phone, full screen with browsing, multi touch screen, and applications which gives the best experience of smart phone to the consumers. Place: Apple has set the distribution channel which is appropriate and convenient to its targeted customer. It is offering this product not only through its own retail store and online store but it has build channel with other retail store and the network providers which give easy assess to the target customers. Promotion: In order to promote iPhone 4 to the targeted market segment Apple is using several promotional tools like advertising, publicity, direct marketing, internet marketing, Bluetooth marketing etc. which really helps Apple to bust the sales. Apple is using both below the line and above the line promotional strategy. Price: As other organization apple have their own pricing policy and the price of the iPhone 4 is marked according to it. The price of the iPhone may affect by marketing objective, marketing mix strategy, costs, nature and demand of the market, competition and other environmental forces like economy, reseller, government etc. Other components of marketing mix decision are people, process and physical evidence. These components of marketing mix of Apple are well blended; the marketing strategy is well joined with strategy. 2.2 Identifying mitigation strategies for high risk components of the plan of Apple Once marketing mix decisions have been done the marketing plan leads towards action plan. Action plan refers to the specific steps that must be taken and specific activities that must be performed well to achieve designed strategic objectives. It talks about the specific task: what will be done? Who is responsible for doing it? , time horizon: when will it be done? , resource allocation: how much will it be cost? In terms of Apple it has addressed these questions through its market plan to make marketing mix decision towards perform. Apple has set specific task (i.e. sales programmes, promotion programmes) and delegate responsibility to related person (i.e. marketing manager, sales assistance etc) in order to implement marketing mix decision with convenient time bound. Furthermore, in order to implement action plan programme Apple need supporting budget which talks about resource allocation (i.e. cost and revenue). Without supporting marketing budget the action plan can not be completed because it is the most important part of marketing plan. Although, Each and every company have limited resources which may limit actions and Apple has considered it as well. So in terms of producing budget, Apple is aware of how limited resources produce optimum output and it has produced projected income statement for lunching iPhone 4 which gives the around figure of sales revenue which made up of forecasted unit sales and average net price, cost which made up of cost production, physical distribution and marketing and profit margin. Apple also has conducted Breakeven Analysis which determines the sales units where apple in position of neither profit nor loss from the sales of iPhone 4. It can provide additional information for the budgets or financial section of the marketing planning. Apple has used key performance standards like costs/sales ratios, market shares, territory quotes, comparison with competitors in order to monitor the actions programme. 2.3 Producing marketing plan for Apple. Marketing mix framework helps to enlighten consumers needs, how to exploit the competitive advantages that blends the core strategy with marketing mix and this helps to match corporate resources. Apple has set unique blend of product offering, pricing, promotion and distribution system designed to reach at targeted market. The marketing plan of iPhone 4 mainly focus the consumer satisfaction, the key goal of marketing plan, that can be only achieved by designing the marketing mix suitable for the customer groups or market segments. Marketing mix planning requires all possible tools analysis, such as segment analysis, market research and competitor analysis which play vital role in construction of marketing plan. So overall, marketing mix decision significantly contributes to make the effective marketing plan of iPhone4. Market planning process provided a well-defined path from generating a business mission to implementing and controlling the resultant plans for Apple. The typical marketing plan structure is as follows: Section Purpose Executive summary A short overview of the plan for a quick management review: Current marketing situation The marketing audit to present background data on the market,product,competition and distribution SWOT Analysis Identifies the companys main strengths and weakness and the main opportunities and threats facing the product or service Objectives and issues Define the companys objectives in the area of sales. Market share and profits and the issues that will affect these objectives Marketing strategy Presents the broad marketing approach that will be used to achieve the plans objectives Action programmes Specifies what will be done, who will do it. When it will be done and what it will coast Budgets A projected profit and loss statement that forecasts the expected financial outcomes from the plan Controls Indicates how the progress of the plan will be monitored 3.1 Discussing how the plan supports strategic objectives. David Jobber suggested five different organization structures in order to implement a marketing plan namely: no marketing organization, functional organization, product base organization, market centred organization and matrix organization. Out of these five structures, Apple has structured as a product based organization which focus on individual responsibilities to product managers for managing product lines. Specifically Apple focussed for individual product lines and can develop own marketing mix which helps to apple to align marketing plan to strategic objectives. 3.3 Identifying an evaluation and review measures for the agreed plan. The marketing plan is a cycle that begins and ends with evaluation. The final stage of in the marketing plan is to measure the outcome of the marketing activities against the original objectives and targets. Continuous evaluation helps the marketing team to focus on modifying or introducing new activities to achieve objectives. Apple adopted a range of key performance indicator to asses the success of the iPhone 4s marketing plan. Market share: Did the iPhone 4 hit the market share and help to achieve its market share objective? iPhone 4 is market leader of smart phone in some European countries and is consistently gaining market share. Overall sales: Was this in line with objectives? iPhone 4 is increasing sales significantly comparatively to other competitors. It is meeting the expectation line. Brand image ratings: Apple has an extremely positive brand image with consumers compared to other brand. iPhone 4 is able to increase the brand loyalty of Apple which helps to retain the consumer because consumer are getting the best smart phone experience. Profitability: iPhone 4 is significantly contributing Apples profit margin. These results show that the iPhone 4s marketing plan met the overall targets, which was a significant achievement, considering the difficult economic environment. The marketing plan for iPhone 4 used past performance and forecast data to build a new marketing strategy. This built on the brand and companys strength to take advantage of the increasing change of consumer towards smart phone.

Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essays -- The Lottery Essays

Everything may not be what it seems in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. Within the story there are many reoccurring themes, ranging from the townspeople inability to establish bonds to the Jackson’s displaying how easily humans will engage in behavior that is otherwise frowned upon once given an excuse. The most prominent of these themes is the loyalty the townspeople hold towards various items and rituals in their lives. The townspeople hold the utmost loyalty towards their tradition of the lottery. The second most noticeable theme is the lack of ties within the community. At the beginning of the Lottery some of the fragile community ties are evident it becomes obvious how easily they are broken. The final and most important of themes is how readily and without reserve the town members participate in a murder they have reclassified as a sacrifice. These themes are the most important within the Lottery because all of them are alluded to on more than one occasion. The black box of the lottery represents the loyalty of the town to traditions. Despite the state of the black box, which is splintered and becoming shabbier each year, the townspeople make no move to replace it. For example, â€Å"Summers began talking again about a new box, but every year the subject was allowed to fade off without anything's being done† (Jackson par 5). While on the other hand they did away with some the other traditions such as the official formally addressing each person who pulled and the wood chips, they cling tightly to the black box. The townspeople see the black box as a way to hold on to the past because supposedly it is made with pieces from the original box (Jackson par. 5). The main tradition they are holding onto is the Lottery i... ... killing an individual is needed to ensure a prosperous crop is not only disheartening but also a scary idea. This is behavior that is thought to be barbaric and a thing of days long past. The Lottery is a very surprising story with many themes all of which are important. The ones previously addressed are the ones that occurred more than others and also seemed to bring more to the meaning and interpretation of the story. Works Cited Coulthard, A.R. â€Å"Jackson’s THE LOTTERY.† Explicator 48.3 (1990): 226. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. Griffin, Amy A. â€Å"Jackson’s The Lottery.† Explicator 58.1 (1999): 44. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. Jackson, Shirley. "The Lottery" Literature Interactive Edition. 12th ed. N.p.: Longman, 2011 Yarmove, Jay A. â€Å"Jackson’s The Lottery.† Explicator 52.4 (1994): 242. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. Shirley Jackson's The Lottery Essays -- The Lottery Essays Everything may not be what it seems in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. Within the story there are many reoccurring themes, ranging from the townspeople inability to establish bonds to the Jackson’s displaying how easily humans will engage in behavior that is otherwise frowned upon once given an excuse. The most prominent of these themes is the loyalty the townspeople hold towards various items and rituals in their lives. The townspeople hold the utmost loyalty towards their tradition of the lottery. The second most noticeable theme is the lack of ties within the community. At the beginning of the Lottery some of the fragile community ties are evident it becomes obvious how easily they are broken. The final and most important of themes is how readily and without reserve the town members participate in a murder they have reclassified as a sacrifice. These themes are the most important within the Lottery because all of them are alluded to on more than one occasion. The black box of the lottery represents the loyalty of the town to traditions. Despite the state of the black box, which is splintered and becoming shabbier each year, the townspeople make no move to replace it. For example, â€Å"Summers began talking again about a new box, but every year the subject was allowed to fade off without anything's being done† (Jackson par 5). While on the other hand they did away with some the other traditions such as the official formally addressing each person who pulled and the wood chips, they cling tightly to the black box. The townspeople see the black box as a way to hold on to the past because supposedly it is made with pieces from the original box (Jackson par. 5). The main tradition they are holding onto is the Lottery i... ... killing an individual is needed to ensure a prosperous crop is not only disheartening but also a scary idea. This is behavior that is thought to be barbaric and a thing of days long past. The Lottery is a very surprising story with many themes all of which are important. The ones previously addressed are the ones that occurred more than others and also seemed to bring more to the meaning and interpretation of the story. Works Cited Coulthard, A.R. â€Å"Jackson’s THE LOTTERY.† Explicator 48.3 (1990): 226. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. Griffin, Amy A. â€Å"Jackson’s The Lottery.† Explicator 58.1 (1999): 44. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. Jackson, Shirley. "The Lottery" Literature Interactive Edition. 12th ed. N.p.: Longman, 2011 Yarmove, Jay A. â€Å"Jackson’s The Lottery.† Explicator 52.4 (1994): 242. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.